Since storage and handling errors happen, here's how to spot degradation.
Visual signs (lyophilized powder):
- Color change — should be white/off-white. Yellow or brown is bad.
- Collapsed cake — the freeze-dried cake should hold its shape. If it's melted or pooled at the bottom, it likely got warm.
- Moisture — any visible liquid or wet-looking powder means the seal was compromised.
Visual signs (reconstituted):
- Cloudiness or particles — should be clear. Cloudy = aggregation or contamination.
- Color change — clear to yellow means oxidation.
- Gel-like consistency — the peptide has aggregated. Don't use it.
Functional signs:
- Reduced or no effect compared to a known good batch
- Different injection site reaction than usual (could indicate contaminants from degradation)
What causes degradation:
- Heat exposure (even brief periods above 40°C)
- Light exposure (especially UV)
- Repeated freeze-thaw cycles
- Bacterial contamination (using sterile water without preservative for multi-dose)
- Age — even properly stored peptides degrade over time
When in doubt, toss it. The cost of a new vial is always less than the cost of injecting degraded product.